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Key Factors Affecting Activated Carbon Adsorption
1. Properties of Activated Carbon Adsorbent
The larger the specific surface area of activated carbon, the stronger its adsorption capacity tends to be. Being non-polar, activated carbon is more effective in adsorbing non-polar or weakly polar substances. In addition, factors such as particle size, pore structure and distribution, and surface chemistry significantly influence its adsorption performance.
2. Properties of the Adsorbate
The adsorption efficiency is affected by the adsorbate's molecular size, polarity, degree of unsaturation, solubility, surface free energy, and initial concentration. Typically, molecules with lower polarity and lower solubility are more easily adsorbed.
3. pH of the Wastewater
The pH level influences the chemical state and solubility of the adsorbate in the solution, thereby affecting adsorption efficiency. Generally, activated carbon performs better under acidic conditions than in alkaline solutions.
4. Coexisting Substances
When multiple substances coexist, they may compete for the same adsorption sites, reducing the adsorption efficiency for a specific target contaminant.
5. Temperature Factor
Under typical usage conditions, temperature has a minimal effect on adsorption. However, extremely high temperatures may reduce adsorption capacity.
6. Contact Time
To ensure optimal adsorption, adequate contact time between activated carbon and the adsorbate is essential. This allows the system to approach adsorption equilibrium and fully utilize the material’s capacity.
